Moisturizer

Mafi mahimmancin "ji" na tsufa na fata shine bushewa, wanda ke nunawa ta hanyar ƙananan abun ciki da rashin ikon riƙe danshi. Fatar ta zama ƙuƙumma, m da flakes. Wani abu mai mahimmanci na hygroscopic don manufar cika danshin fata da hana bushewa ana kiransa humectant. Tsarin moisturizing fata, daya shine shayar da danshi; ɗayan kuma shine shingen shinge (kayan tsaro) wanda ke hana danshi na ciki ya ɓace. Shigar da danshi na wannan shingen shinge lokacin da aikinsa ya kasance na al'ada shine 2.9g / (m2 h-1) ± 1.9g / (m2 h-1), kuma idan ya ɓace gaba daya, yana da 229g / (m2 h-1). ± 81g / (m2 h-1), yana nuna cewa shingen shinge yana da mahimmanci.

Bisa ga tsarin da ake amfani da shi, an samar da nau'i-nau'i iri-iri tare da sakamako mai kyau. humectants da aka fi amfani da su sun haɗa da polyols, amides, lactic acid da sodium lactate, sodium pyrrolidone carboxylate, glucolipid, collagen, chitin da sauransu.

(1) Polyols
Glycerin wani ruwa ne mai ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano, mai ɓarna a cikin ruwa, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, sec-butanol, tert-amyl barasa, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol da Phenol da sauran abubuwa. Glycerin wani nau'in ɗanɗano ne wanda babu makawa don tsarin emulsification nau'in O/W a cikin kayan kwalliya. Hakanan yana da mahimmancin ɗanyen abu don ruwan shafa fuska. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da shi azaman mai ɗanɗano don abubuwan da ke ɗauke da foda, wanda ke da tasiri mai laushi da lubricating akan fata. Bugu da ƙari, glycerin kuma ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin kayan foda na haƙori da kayan shafawa na hydrophilic, kuma yana da mahimmanci na samfuran hydrogel.
Propylene glycol ba shi da launi, m, dan dan danko, ruwa mai hygroscopic. Yana da micible a cikin ruwa, acetone, ethyl acetate da chloroform, kuma an narkar da shi a cikin barasa da ether. Ana amfani da propylene glycol sosai a cikin kayan kwalliya. Ana iya amfani dashi azaman wakili na wetting da moisturizer don samfuran emulsified daban-daban da samfuran ruwa. Ana iya amfani da shi azaman mai laushi da mai laushi don man goge baki idan an haɗa shi da glycerol da sorbitol. Ana iya amfani dashi azaman mai sarrafa danshi a cikin samfuran rini na gashi.
1,3-Butanediol ruwa ne mara launi da wari mara kyau tare da riƙe danshi mai kyau, yana iya sha ruwa daidai da 12.5% ​​(RH50%) ko 38.5% (RH80%) na kansa. Ana iya amfani da shi a ko'ina a matsayin moisturizer a cikin lotions, creams, lotions da man goge baki. Bugu da ƙari, 1,3-butanediol yana da sakamako na antibacterial. Sorbitol wani farin crystalline foda ne wanda aka yi daga glucose azaman ɗanyen abu. Yana da ɗanɗano mai daɗi. Sorbitol yana da sauƙin narkewa a cikin ruwa, ɗan narkewa a cikin ethanol, acetic acid, phenol da acetamide, amma ba zai iya narkewa a cikin sauran kaushi na halitta. Sorbitol yana da kyakkyawan hygroscopicity, aminci, da kwanciyar hankali mai kyau. An yi amfani da shi sosai a fannin sinadarai na yau da kullum. Ana iya amfani da shi azaman ɗanyen abu don masu surfactants marasa ionic kuma ana iya amfani dashi azaman cream a cikin man goge baki da kayan kwalliya.
Polyethylene glycol shine polymer mai narkewa da ruwa wanda aka shirya ta hanyar ƙara ethylene oxide a hankali da ruwa ko ethylene glycol. Hakanan za'a iya narkar da shi a cikin mafi yawan ƙaƙƙarfan kaushi na ƙwayoyin cuta na polar kuma yana da jerin ƙananan ma'aunin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta. Za'a iya amfani da nau'in samfurin azaman sinadarin colloidal mai narkewa a cikin kayan kwalliya daban-daban. Polyethylene glycol ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin kayan shafawa da masana'antar harhada magunguna saboda kyawawan kaddarorinsa kamar su solubility na ruwa, rashin kuzarin jiki, laushi, lubricity, moisturize fata, da laushi. Ƙananan nauyin kwayoyin polyethylene glycol yana da ikon sha da adana ruwa daga yanayi, kuma an yi shi da filastik kuma ana iya amfani dashi azaman humectant; yayin da nauyin kwayoyin dangi ya karu, hygroscopicitynsa yana raguwa sosai. Babban nauyin kwayoyin polyethylene glycol ana iya amfani dashi sosai a cikin sinadarai na yau da kullun, magunguna, yadi, yin takarda da sauran masana'antu azaman mai mai ko mai laushi.

(2) Lactic acid da sodium lactate
Lactic acid shine kwayoyin halitta wanda ya wanzu a cikin yanayi. Shi ne samfurin ƙarshe a cikin metabolism na kwayoyin anaerobic. Yana da lafiya kuma ba mai guba ba. Lactic acid kuma shine babban acid mai narkewa da ruwa a cikin ma'auni mai laushi na halitta (NMF) na epidermis na ɗan adam, kuma abun ciki shine kusan 12%. Lactic acid da lactate suna shafar tsarin nama na abubuwan da ke ɗauke da furotin, kuma suna da tasirin filastik da tausasawa a kan sunadaran. Saboda haka, lactic acid da sodium lactate na iya sa fata ta yi laushi, kumbura da kuma ƙara elasticity. Yana da kyau acidifier a cikin kayan kwalliyar kula da fata. Ƙungiyar carboxyl na kwayoyin lactic acid yana da dangantaka mai kyau ga gashi da fata. Sodium lactate abu ne mai tasiri sosai, kuma ikonsa na ɗanɗano ya fi ƙarfi fiye da na gargajiya kamar glycerin. Lactic acid da sodium lactate suna samar da maganin buffer wanda zai iya daidaita pH na fata. A cikin kayan shafawa, lactic acid da sodium lactate ana amfani da su a matsayin masu gyaran gashi da fata ko gashi mai laushi, masu acidifiers don daidaita pH, creams da lotions don kula da fata, shamfu da kwandishan don kula da gashi da sauran kayan gyaran gashi. Hakanan za'a iya amfani dashi a cikin kayan aski da kayan wanka.

(3) Sodium pyrrolidone carboxylate
Sodium pyrrolidone carboxylate (PCA-Na a takaice) samfur ne na bazuwar tarin fibroin a cikin Layer granular epidermal. Abubuwan da ke cikin nau'in moisturize fata na fata shine kusan 12%. Ayyukan ilimin halittar jiki shine sanya stratum corneum na fata yayi laushi. Rage abun ciki na sodium pyrrolidone carboxylate a cikin stratum corneum zai iya sa fata ta yi laushi da bushewa. Carboxylate sodium pyrrolidone na kasuwanci ba shi da launi, mara wari, ɗan ƙaramin alkaline mai bayyana ruwa mai ruwa, kuma hygroscopicitynsa ya fi na glycerin, propylene glycol, da sorbitol girma. Lokacin da yanayin zafi ya kasance 65%, hygroscopicity ya kai 56% bayan kwanaki 20, kuma hygroscopicity na iya kaiwa 60% bayan kwanaki 30; kuma a ƙarƙashin yanayi guda, hygroscopicity na glycerin, propylene glycol, da sorbitol shine 40% bayan kwanaki 30. , 30%, 10%. Sodium pyrrolidone carboxylate ana amfani dashi a matsayin humectant da kwandishana, ana amfani dashi a cikin lotions, rage lotions, creams, lotions, kuma ana amfani dashi a cikin man goge baki da shamfu.

(4) Hyaluronic acid
Kuma hyaluronic acid wani farin amorphous mai ƙarfi ne wanda aka samo daga kyallen dabba. Yana da naúrar maimaita disaccharide na (1→3) -2-acetylamino-2deoxy-D(1→4) -OB3-D glucuronic acid Polymer ɗin da aka haɗa yana da ƙwayar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin dangi na 200,000 zuwa miliyan 1. Hyaluronic acid ne na halitta biochemical moisturizer tare da karfi moisturizing Properties, amintacce kuma mara guba, ba tare da wani hangula ga mutum fata. Hyaluronic acid yana narkewa a cikin ruwa amma ba ya narkewa a cikin kaushi na kwayoyin halitta. Saboda shimfidawa da kumburin tsarin kwayoyin halitta a cikin tsarin maganin ruwa mai ruwa, har yanzu yana da babban danko a ƙananan ƙididdiga, kuma yana iya ɗaure yawan ruwa mai girma, don haka yana da kyawawan kaddarorin moisturizing, high viscoelasticity da high permeability.
Hyaluronic acid a halin yanzu wani nau'i ne na moisturizer tare da kyakkyawan aiki a kayan shafawa. A cikin kayan shafawa, yana iya samar da sakamako mai laushi akan fata, sa fata ta zama mai laushi da santsi, da jinkirta tsufa na fata. Yawancin samfuran hydrogel na kamfanin sun ƙunshi hyaluronic acid ko kuma ana amfani da su tare da shi, kuma sun sami kyakkyawar amsawa bayan an gabatar da su ga kasuwa.

(5) Hydrolyzed collagen
Collagen kuma ana kiransa furotin glial. Farin furotin ne na fibrous wanda ya ƙunshi fatar dabba, guringuntsi, tendons, kasusuwa, tasoshin jini, cornea da sauran kyallen jikin jiki. Gabaɗaya yana lissafin sama da kashi 30% na jimlar abubuwan gina jiki na dabbobi. Yana cikin busassun busassun fata da nama. Collagen yana da kusan 90%.
Collagen shine tushen furotin wanda ya ƙunshi fatar dabba da tsoka. Yana da kyakkyawar alaƙa da fata da gashi. Fata da gashi suna da shayarwa mai kyau a gare shi, yana ba shi damar shiga cikin ciki na gashi, da dai sauransu, yana nuna kyakkyawar alaƙa da inganci. Kuma bayan hydrolysis, polypeptide sarkar collagen ƙunshi hydrophilic kungiyoyin kamar amino, carboxyl da hydroxyl, wanda zai iya nuna kyau danshi rike da fata. Hydrolyzed collagen kuma yana da tasirin rage tabo fata da kawar da wrinkles da hasken ultraviolet ya jawo. Saboda haka, rawar da hydrolyzed collagen ya fi nunawa a cikin moisturizing, dangantaka, freckle whitening, anti-tsufa da sauransu. A cikin kyallen jikin dabba, collagen wani abu ne da ba ya narkewa a cikin ruwa, amma yana da karfin daurin ruwa. Ana iya aiwatar da hydrolysis na collagen ta hanyar aikin acid, alkali ko enzyme, kuma ana iya samun collagen mai narkewa mai narkewa, wanda aka yi amfani da shi sosai a kayan kwalliya da kayan kwalliya na likita.

Sauran nau'o'in humectants sun haɗa da chitin da abubuwan da suka samo asali, glucose ester humectants, da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire irin su aloe da algae.