[Ma’anar Kimiyya]
Hydrogels sune hanyoyin sadarwa na sarƙoƙin polymer na hydrophilic, wanda ake kira gels na colloidal, wanda ruwa shine matsakaicin watsawa. Manhaja mai girma uku tana faruwa ne saboda sarƙoƙin polymer hydrophilic polymer da aka haɗa tare ta hanyar haɗin giciye. Saboda haɗin giciye, ƙimar tsarin cibiyar sadarwa ta hydrogel ba za ta narkar da ruwa mai yawa ba (doi: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.6b00389). Hydrogels suma suna sha sosai (suna iya ƙunsar fiye da 90% na ruwa) hanyoyin sadarwa na polymer na roba. Kalmar “hydrogel” ta fara bayyana a cikin adabi a cikin 1894 (doi: 10.1007/BF01830147). Da farko, bincike kan hydrogels ya mai da hankali kan wannan cibiyar sadarwar polymer mai alaƙa da kemikal don yin nazarin halayen sa na asali, kamar kumburi/kumburin motsi da daidaituwa, rarrabuwa mai ƙarfi, juzu'i na juzu'i na juzu'i da gogewar zamewa, da Bincike irin waɗannan aikace-aikacen. Kamar ophthalmology da isar da magunguna. Tare da ci gaba da ci gaba da binciken hydrogel, mayar da hankali ya canza daga hanyoyin sadarwa masu sauƙi zuwa cibiyoyin sadarwar “amsa”. A wannan matakin, an samar da ruwa daban -daban waɗanda zasu iya amsa canje -canje a yanayin muhalli kamar pH, zafin jiki, da filayen lantarki da na maganadisu. An ba da shawarar yin aikin hydrogel wanda ke amsa filayen lantarki da na maganadisu. Koyaya, hydrogels a wancan lokacin galibi suna da taushi ko kuma suna da rauni sosai ta hanyar inji, wanda ya iyakance aikace -aikacen su. Da shigowar sabuwar karni, hydrogels suma sun shiga wani sabon zamani, tare da ingantattun kayan aikin injinan su. Wannan nasarar ta haifar da yawan karatun bangarori daban -daban na hydrogels. A zamanin yau, ana iya amfani da hanyoyin sunadarai iri-iri tare da sifofi masu amfani da makamashi don yin hydrogels waɗanda suka fi ƙarfin tsoka da guringuntsi. Bugu da kari, shi ma yana cimma wasu ayyuka, kamar warkar da kai, amsoshi masu kara kuzari, adhesion, super wettability, da dai sauransu Ingantaccen ci gaban hydrogel mai karfi ya fadada aikace-aikacen wannan abu a fannoni daban-daban, gami da robots masu taushi, wucin gadi gabobin jiki, maganin farfadowa, da sauransu (doi: /10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00238).
【Babban manufar】
1. Scaffold a cikin injin injin (doi: 10.1002/advs.201801664).
2. Lokacin amfani dashi azaman sikeli, hydrogel na iya ƙunsar ƙwayoyin ɗan adam don gyara kyallen takarda. Suna kwaikwayon ƙananan ƙwayoyin 3D na sel (doi: 10.1039/C4RA12215).
3. Yi amfani da rijiyoyin da aka rufe da hydrogel don al'adun sel (doi: 10.1126/science.1116995).
4. Hydrogels masu kula da muhalli (wanda kuma ake kira "smart gels" ko "smart gels"). Waɗannan hydrogels suna da ikon fahimtar canje -canje a cikin pH, zazzabi ko maida hankali na metabolite da sakin irin waɗannan canje -canjen (doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.011).
5. Hydrogel mai allura, wanda za a iya amfani da shi azaman mai ɗaukar magunguna don maganin cututtuka ko mai ɗaukar sel don dalilai na sake sabuntawa ko injiniyan nama (doi: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00769).
6. Dorewar tsarin isar da magunguna. Ƙarfin Ionic, pH da zazzabi za a iya amfani da su azaman abubuwan da ke haifar da sarrafa sakin magunguna (doi: 10.1016/j.cocis.2010.05.016).
7. Samar da shakar ƙwayoyin necrotic da fibrotic, degreasing da debridement
8. Hydrogels da ke amsa takamaiman ƙwayoyin cuta (kamar glucose ko antigens) ana iya amfani da su azaman biosensors ko DDS (doi: 10.1021/cr500116a).
9. Dandalin da za a iya zubar da shi na iya shayar da fitsari ko sanya kayan adon saniti (doi: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.11.024).
10. Tantancewar ruwan tabarau (silicone hydrogel, polyacrylamide, hydrogel mai dauke da silicon).
11. EEG da ECG na lantarki na lantarki ta amfani da hydrogels da aka haɗa da polymers-polymers (polyethylene oxide, polyAMPS da polyvinylpyrrolidone).
12. Abubuwan fashewar Hydrogel.
13. Gudanar da hanta da ganewar asali.
14. Kunshin ɗimbin ɗimbin yawa.
15. Gyaran nono (inganta nono).
16. Manne.
17. Barbashin da ake amfani da shi don kula da danshi a ƙasa a wuraren da babu ruwa.
18. Tufafi don warkar da ƙonawa ko wasu raunuka masu wuyar warkewa. Gel mai rauni yana da taimako ƙwarai wajen ƙirƙira ko kula da yanayin ɗumi.
19. Adana magunguna don amfanin waje; musamman magungunan ionic da iontophoresis ke bayarwa.
20. Kayan da ke kwaikwayon kyallen takarda na dabbobi, wanda ake amfani da shi don gwada kaddarorin mannewar mucosal na tsarin isar da magunguna (doi: 10.1039/C5CC02428E).
21. Samar da wutar lantarki mai zafi. Lokacin da aka haɗa shi da ions, zai iya watsa zafi daga na'urorin lantarki da batura, kuma ya canza musayar zafi zuwa cajin lantarki.
【Ci gaban mu na yanzu】
A halin yanzu, aikace -aikacen mu na hydrogel galibi ana amfani da su a cikin kwaskwarima da kula da lafiya, kuma suna riƙe da babban matsayi a masana'antar hydrogel a gida da waje dangane da fasaha, kuma QA \ QC ta kasance mai karko.
Lokacin aikawa: Aug-11-2021